Dr Stuart Maitland MBBS MSc MRCP PhD

Dr Stuart Maitland MBBS MSc MRCP PhD

NIHR ACL in Computational Neurophysiology

Publications

You can also find my articles on my Google Scholar profile.

Journal Articles

Reliability and Agreement of CMAP Scan-Derived MUNE Algorithms in Healthy Individuals

Published in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2026

A 15-site international study of 148 healthy adults comparing the test-retest reliability, agreement and measurement error of three CMAP scan-derived MUNE algorithms (STEPIX, CDIX and StairFit) across the abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi and tibialis anterior.

Recommended citation: Arora T, ..., Maitland S, Tankisi H, Nilsen KB, Jones KE. (2026). "Reliability and Agreement of CMAP Scan-Derived MUNE Algorithms in Healthy Individuals." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1-10. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2026.3728251.
View Paper

When the algorithm disagrees: managing AI-generated ‘second opinions’ in clinical neurophysiology

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026

Case report of a patient using an LLM to generate a second opinion on their EMG results, and the challenges of managing AI-generated advice in clinical practice.

Recommended citation: Maitland, S. and Baker, M.R., 2026. When the algorithm disagrees: managing AI-generated ‘second opinions’ in clinical neurophysiology. Clinical Neurophysiology, p.2112325.

MRI of Neurogenic Human Motor Units Following Poliomyelitis

Published in Muscle & Nerve, 2025

This study utilizes MRI to visualize neurogenic motor units in individuals affected by poliomyelitis, providing insights into the structural changes associated with the disease.

Recommended citation: S. Maitland, M. Birkbeck, I. Schofield, et al., “MRI of Neurogenic Human Motor Units Following Poliomyelitis,” Muscle & Nerve (2025): 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.70107.
View Paper

Natural Language Processing for Analysing Patient and Caregiver Experiences of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2025

This study applies natural language processing to real-world social media data to surface insights into the symptoms and caregiving challenges of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Recommended citation: Harrison JR, Baharain RS, Donaghy PC, Maitland S. (2025). "Natural Language Processing for Analysing Patient and Caregiver Experiences of Dementia with Lewy Bodies." Alzheimer's & Dementia, 21, e108463.
View Paper

Can ChatGPT pass the MRCP (UK) written examinations? Analysis of performance and errors using a clinical decision-reasoning framework

Published in BMJ Open, 2024

This study evaluates the capability of ChatGPT in passing the MRCP (UK) written examinations, analyzing its performance and errors within the context of clinical decision reasoning.

Recommended citation: Maitland A, Fowkes R, Maitland S. (2024). "Can ChatGPT pass the MRCP (UK) written examinations? Analysis of performance and errors using a clinical decision-reasoning framework." BMJ Open, 14:e080558. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080558.
View Paper

Monitoring real-time junior doctor sentiment from comments on a public social media platform: a retrospective observational study

Published in Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2023

This study monitors and analyzes real-time sentiments of junior doctors from comments on a public social media platform, providing insights into their experiences and challenges.

Recommended citation: Sirkis T, Maitland S. (2023). "Monitoring real-time junior doctor sentiment from comments on a public social media platform: a retrospective observational study." Postgraduate Medical Journal. 99:423–427.
View Paper

Estimating motor unit numbers from a CMAP scan: Repeatability study on three muscles at 15 centres

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis on the repeatability of estimating motor unit numbers from a CMAP scan across three different muscles at fifteen centers, contributing significantly to the field of neurophysiology.

Recommended citation: Sørensen DM, Bostock H, Abrahao A, Alaamel A, Alaydin HC, Ballegaard M, Boran E, Cengiz B, de Carvalho M, Dunker Ø, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Graffe CC, Jones KE, Kallio M, Kalra S, Krarup C, Krøigård T, Liguori R, Lupescu T, Maitland S, … Tankisi H. (2023). "Estimating motor unit numbers from a CMAP scan: Repeatability study on three muscles at 15 centres." Clinical Neurophysiology. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.04.008.
View Paper

Ultrasound-Guided Motor Unit Scanning EMG (UltraMUSE)

Published in Muscle & Nerve, 2022

This paper introduces the Ultrasound-Guided Motor Unit Scanning EMG (UltraMUSE), a novel technique in the field of electromyography.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Hall J, McNeill A, Stenberg A, Schofield I, Whittaker R. (2022). "Ultrasound-Guided Motor Unit Scanning EMG (UltraMUSE)." Muscle & Nerve. In press.
View Paper

Serotonin syndrome

Published in DTB, 2022

This article explores complexities of serotonin syndrome, offering insights into its diagnosis, management, and clinical implications.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Baker M. (2022). "Serotonin syndrome." DTB, 60:88–91.
View Paper

Machine learning as a new horizon for colorectal cancer risk prediction? A systematic review

Published in Health Sciences Review, 2022

This systematic review explores the potential of machine learning in improving the accuracy of colorectal cancer risk prediction, marking a new horizon in the field.

Recommended citation: Kennion O, Maitland S, Brady R. (2022). "Machine learning as a new horizon for colorectal cancer risk prediction? A systematic review." Health Sciences Review, 4:100041.
View Paper

Electrical cross-sectional imaging of human motor units in vivo

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022

This study introduces a novel methodology for the electrical cross-sectional imaging of human motor units

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Escobedo-Cousin E, Schofield I, O’Neill A, Baker S, Whittaker R. (2022). "Electrical cross-sectional imaging of human motor units in vivo." Clinical Neurophysiology, 136:82–92.
View Paper

Development of novel neurophysiological investigations for age-related muscle weakness

Published in Newcastle University (PhD thesis), 2022

Doctoral thesis developing new neurophysiological methods, including multi-electrode EMG and TMS, to measure the structure and function of motor units in age-related muscle weakness.

Recommended citation: Maitland S. (2022). "Development of novel neurophysiological investigations for age-related muscle weakness." PhD thesis, Newcastle University.

Sarcopenia and frailty in individuals with dementia: A systematic review

Published in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2021

This systematic review examines the prevalence and impact of sarcopenia and frailty in individuals with dementia, contributing to a deeper understanding of their interrelation and potential management strategies.

Recommended citation: Waite SJ, Maitland S, Thomas A, Yarnall AJ. (2021). "Sarcopenia and frailty in individuals with dementia: A systematic review." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 92:104268.
View Paper

Ipsilateral Motor Evoked Potentials as a Measure of the Reticulospinal Tract in Age-Related Strength Changes

Published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2021

This study investigates the role of ipsilateral motor evoked potentials as indicators of the reticulospinal tracts function in the context of strength changes due to aging, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms of age-related strength decline.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Baker SN. (2021). "Ipsilateral Motor Evoked Potentials as a Measure of the Reticulospinal Tract in Age-Related Strength Changes." Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13, 612352.
View Paper

Assessing inter-rater reproducibility in MScanFit MUNE in a 6-subject, 12-rater Round Robin setup

Published in Neurophysiologie Clinique / Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021

This study explores the inter-rater reproducibility of MScanFit MUNE using a unique Round Robin setup involving 6 subjects and 12 raters, providing valuable insights into the consistency and reliability of this method in clinical neurophysiology.

Recommended citation: Sørensen DM, Bostock H, Ballegaard M, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Graffe CC, Grötting A, Jones K, Kallio M, Krarup C, Krøigård T, Lupescu T, Maitland S, Moldovan M, Nilsen KB, Pugdahl K, Santos MO, Themistocleous AC, Zlateva SS, Ööpik M, Tankisi H. (2021). "Assessing inter-rater reproducibility in MScanFit MUNE in a 6-subject, 12-rater Round Robin setup." Neurophysiologie Clinique / Clinical Neurophysiology. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.11.002.
View Paper

AI: simply reinforcing medicine’s worst biases?

Published in BMJ Innovations, 2020

This article discusses the potential risks and biases associated with the integration of artificial intelligence in medical practices, questioning whether AI is merely reinforcing existing biases within the field.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, McElnay P, Brady R. (2020). "AI: simply reinforcing medicine’s worst biases?" BMJ Innovations, 6.
View Paper

Conference Papers

Imaging neurogenic motor units in polio survivors using Motor Unit MRI

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026

Conference presentation applying Motor Unit MRI to image neurogenic motor units in survivors of poliomyelitis.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Birkbeck M, Schofield I, Blamire A, Whittaker R. (2026). "OP 19 Imaging neurogenic motor units in polio survivors using Motor Unit MRI." Clinical Neurophysiology, 185, 2111339.

From Generalised Genetic Epilepsy to Immune-Mediated Epilepsia Partialis Continua with two foci – A case report

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026

A case report describing a patient progressing from generalised genetic epilepsy to immune-mediated epilepsia partialis continua with two foci.

Recommended citation: da Silva AB, Maitland S, Suetterlin K, Anderson KN, Jaiser S, Baker M. (2026). "PO 171 From Generalised Genetic Epilepsy to Immune-Mediated Epilepsia Partialis Continua with two foci – A case report." Clinical Neurophysiology, 185, 2111183.

Are paediatric trainees using ChatGPT? A qualitative study of perceptions, opinions and fears

Published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2025

A qualitative study exploring how paediatric trainees perceive and use ChatGPT, including their opinions and concerns about large language models in clinical training.

Recommended citation: Maitland A, Eales N, Maitland S, Riley E. (2025). "7987 Are paediatric trainees using ChatGPT? A qualitative study of perceptions, opinions and fears." Archives of Disease in Childhood, 110(Suppl 1), A103–A104.

The effect of Nav1.4 Ile582Val gain-of-function mutation on mouse skeletal muscle excitability is sex specific

Published in Neuromuscular Disorders, 2024

This work characterises how a Nav1.4 Ile582Val gain-of-function mutation alters skeletal muscle excitability in a mouse model, identifying sex-specific effects.

Recommended citation: Suetterlin K, Mannikko R, Matthews E, Maitland S, Greensmith L, et al. (2024). "243P The effect of Nav1.4 Ile582Val gain-of-function mutation on mouse skeletal muscle excitability is sex specific." Neuromuscular Disorders, 43, 104441.626.

O-30 Micro-EMG: Imaging human motor units using a novel intramuscular electrode array

Published in Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019

A novel multi-electrode intramuscular array sampling EMG from 64 electrodes along the needle to localise muscle fibres of multiple human motor units in vivo.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Escobedo-Cousin E, Schofield I, O'Neill A, Baker S, et al. (2019). "O-30 Micro-EMG: Imaging human motor units using a novel intramuscular electrode array." Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(7), e31.
View Paper

The use of human cadavers and virtual reality simulation in endovascular training: a questionnaire of patient and professional opinion

Published in International Journal of Surgery, 2013

A questionnaire study surveying patient and professional opinion on the use of human cadavers and virtual reality simulation in endovascular surgical training.

Recommended citation: Maitland S, Nesbitt C, Searle R, Stansby G. (2013). "The use of human cadavers and virtual reality simulation in endovascular training: a questionnaire of patient and professional opinion." International Journal of Surgery, 11(8), 737.